The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA) has been validated and recently been used as a cognitive screening tool. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most frequently used screening test of cognitive impairment because of its convenience. MMSE, MoCA-INA, Cognitive screening, Elderly AbstractīACKGROUND: As the rapid growth of the elderly population and the increased prevalence of Alezheimerâ€™s Disease and related disorders, there is an increasing need for effective cognitive screening. Suggestions for the clinical use of the MMSE are made.Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara The MMSE should not, by itself, be used as a diagnostic tool to identify dementia. In general, the MMSE fulfilled its original goal of providing a brief screening test that quantitatively assesses the severity of cognitive impairment and documents cognitive changes occurring over time. Overall, MMSE scores were affected by age, education, and cultural background, but not gender. Items measuring language were judged to be relatively easy and lacked utility for identifying mild language deficits.

Content analyses revealed the MMSE was highly verbal, and not all items were equally sensitive to cognitive impairment. Measures of criterion validity showed high levels of sensitivity for moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment and lower levels for mild degrees of impairment. Reliability and construct validity were judged to be satisfactory. The validity of the MMSE was compared against a variety of gold standards, including DSM-III-R and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, clinical diagnoses, Activities of Daily Living measures, and other tests that putatively identify and measure cognitive impairment. The reviewed studies assessed a wide variety of subjects, ranging from cognitively intact community residents to those with severe cognitive impairment associated with various types of dementing illnesses. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of information accumulated over the past 26 years regarding the psychometric properties and utility of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Mmse reliability and validity